"Neudeutsche Scheule" (or in English "The New German School") was a radical society of German musicians who thought themselves progressive and futuristic in their musical thoughts, and who strove to bring that change to the music of their day. The mission of the society seems to have been the thought that they could write "perfect" music, and perhaps even that the whole of musical thought might be epitomized in their compositions.

Trying to define the society is somewhat problematic, as no clear mission statement is evident. We know that Franz Liszt was one of the leading members. We also know that the society was formed in contrast to the so-called "Alt Deutsche Scheule" (or in English, "The Old German School,") used to denote the era of J.S. Bach.

The society was formed in 1859 principally by Franz Liszt and Franz Brendel, who felt that German musicians were being influenced by the Italian style, for example, Mozart.

A large criticism of the society was that works by Berlioz, who was born in France, and Franz Liszt, who was born in Hungary, were being performed as examples of the proper German musical style.